在纽约地铁卖糖果的移民母亲们为儿童保育问题而挣扎 1

Migrant mothers selling candy on New York subways struggle with childcare 1 
Migrant mothers are selling fruit and candy in New York subways to make a living, often with their children in hand. NBC News' Valerie Castro spoke with one of the mothers about her journey since arriving to New York and accessing childcare as a migrant.
为了维持生计,移民妇女们在纽约的地铁里卖水果和糖果,她们常常带着孩子。NBC新闻的瓦莱丽·卡斯特罗采访了其中一位母亲,讲述了她作为移民来到纽约并获得托儿服务的经历。
2024.10.17 NBC News
tags: 新闻 社会 移民
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    [1] They've become part of the fabric of New York City life, slipping in and out of subway cars, calling for anyone to buy what they're selling.

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    [2] The candy vendors on trains and fruit vendors on the platforms are typically migrant women, often seen with their young children in tow. At times, the children themselves are also seen selling goods.

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    [3] Lorena is one of them. She is currently seeking asylum in the U.S. after arriving with her husband and three-year-old daughter last year.

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    [4] The family's harrowing journey from their native Ecuador took them through a dangerous jungle, where she says they encountered thieves with machine guns, human bodies along the trail, and snakes.

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    [5] Lorena describes a moment when she hid money inside her daughter's diapers so it wouldn't be stolen. But she says the family persevered, hoping to give their only child a better life.

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    [6] Arriving in the concrete jungle meant looking for ways to earn money while applying and waiting for work authorization. She's selling fresh fruit and water, finding it more profitable than candy.

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    [7] Though the city says unlicensed food vending is illegal, first violations can result in a fine of $1,000, according to City Hall.

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    [8] That's why many of these women refuse to share their stories publicly out of fear. Lorena agreed to speak to us but did not want to be filmed while working.

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    [9] Another challenge, her husband works day labor jobs, leaving her no choice, she says, but to bring her daughter along.

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    [10] It's an issue other cities that have seen an influx of migrants are sorting through, in places like Chicago and Denver. New York City officials say they currently have more than 47,000 migrant families with children staying in the shelter system.

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    [11] New York City is working to ease the burden by providing child care through the program Promise NYC.

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    [12] "It provides the same kind of child care support that other low-income families in New York City get, for children who do not qualify for that program because of their immigration status."

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    [13] A survey conducted by Algún Dia, an outreach project specifically aimed at helping the migrant vendors, found that the need stretches across many families.

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    [14] "We found that 84% of the individuals that we had surveyed were vending out of necessity, and they were doing so because of their lack of child care. Like, where are they going to leave their kids?"

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    他们已经成为纽约城市生活结构的一部分,在地铁车厢里进进出出,招呼所有人买他们的东西。

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    火车上的糖果摊贩和站台上的水果摊贩通常都是典型的移民妇女,她们经常背负着年幼的孩子。有时,孩子们自己也在卖东西。

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    (厄瓜多尔难民)洛蕾娜就是其中之一。她去年与丈夫和3岁的女儿一起来到美国,目前正在寻求庇护。

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    这家人从他们的家乡厄瓜多尔出发,经过了一个危险的丛林,她说他们在那里遇到了带着机关枪的强盗,沿途有尸体,还有蛇。

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    洛蕾娜描述了她把钱藏在女儿尿布里以防被偷的时刻。但她说,这家人坚持了下来,希望给他们唯一的孩子更好的生活。

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    来到钢筋混凝土的丛林,意味着在申请和等待工作许可的同时需要寻找赚钱的方法。她在卖新鲜水果和水,发现这比糖果更赚钱。

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    虽然该市表示,无照售卖食品非法,但据市政厅称,首次违规可能会被罚款1000美元。

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    这就是为什么许多女性出于恐惧而拒绝公开分享她们的故事。洛蕾娜同意接受我们的采访,但她不希望在工作时被拍到。

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    另一个挑战是,她的丈夫做日薪临时工,她别无选择,她说,只能带女儿一起出来。

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    芝加哥和丹佛等其他有大量移民涌入的城市正在解决这个问题。纽约市官员表示,他们目前有超过4.7万个带孩子的移民家庭住在避难所系统。

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    纽约市正在努力通过“纽约承诺”项目提供托儿服务,以减轻这一负担。

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    “它帮助‘因移民身份而没有资格参加这个项目’的孩子提供与纽约市其他低收入家庭相同的儿童保育支持。”

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    Algún Dia是一个专门帮助流动小贩的外展项目,它进行的一项调查发现,对于那些因移民身份而不符合该项目资格的儿童,许多家庭都有这种需求。

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    “我们发现,我们调查的84%的人都是出于必要而在外(带着娃)兜售商品,他们这么做是因为他们缺乏儿童保育。例如,‘他们要把孩子们留在哪里?’”

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